• In Antirrhinum floral organ identity

  2023-10-26

  

  In Antirrhinum, floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS (DEF) (Sommer et al., 1990) and GLOBOSA (GLO) (Trobner et al., 1992) required for petal and stamen identity (B-function), PLENA (P) required for stamen and carpel formation (C-function) (Bradley et al., 1993) and SQUAMOSA (SQUA) which is

• In a missense mutation at codon of the PRNP gene

  2023-10-26

  

  In 1989, a missense mutation at codon 102 of the PRNP gene was first reported to be associated with GSS and, in 1991, the same mutation was also found in affected members of the “H” family (Hsiao et al., 1989; Kretzschmar et al., 1991). By 1995, the pedigree of the “H” family included 221 family mem

• The first evidence in supporting the hypothesis that MAS

  2023-10-26

  

  The first evidence in supporting the hypothesis that MAS receptors mediate the effects elicited by AT1 antagonists was provided by Iwai et al. (2012). The authors found that AT1 receptors triggers neointima formation after polyethylene-cuff placement around mouse femoral artery by reducing local ACE

• Kuda et al reported that the

  2023-10-26

  

  Kuda et al. (1997) reported that the activity of aminopeptidase A (ApA) but not aminopeptidase B (ApB) nor aminopeptidase N (ApN) was decreased in plasma from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). More recently Puertas et al. (2013) reported that the activities of plasma ApA, ApB, ApN and IRAP wer

• The subdivision of HT receptors started

  2023-10-26

  

  The subdivision of 5-HT receptors started in the 1950s by Gaddum and colleagues, when they realised that in the guinea pig ileum, the effects of 5-HT could be blocked in part by morphine (M), and in part by dibenzyline (D). Gaddum and Picarelli proposed two receptor classes, 5-HT M and 5-HT D (1957)

• For the NSCLC patients with EGFR activating

  2023-10-26

  

  For the NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations, EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) are effective clinical therapies [21], [22]. However, approximately 10% of patients harboring EGFR-sensitizing mutations exhibit intrinsic resistance, and up to 40% do not attain a major response to treatment

• In clinical studies BA has been reported to promote

  2023-10-25

  

  In clinical studies, BA has been reported to promote dose-dependent LDL-C lowering effects of up to 30% as monotherapy, and up to an additional 24% when added in combination with stable statin therapy, or approximately 50% when combined with ezetimibe 109, 110, 111, 112. These effects were accompani

• br Apelin Discovered in apelin was initially

  2023-10-25

  

  Apelin Discovered in 1998, apelin was initially identified as the sole endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (Tatemoto et al., 1998). Apelin-77 (pre-pro-apelin) is the precursor for various pharmacologically active apelin isoforms (e.g. apelin-12, -13, -17 and 36), and it shares 75–95% sequence

• The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are

  2023-10-25

  

  The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are still being explored, and current research indicates that the mechanisms likely vary between breast cancer subtypes. In HER2-positive breast cancer, increased levels of the transcriptional activator PGC-1α lead to expression of genes that m

• br Stress glucocorticoids as risk factor for Alzheimer s Dis

  2023-10-25

  

  Stress/glucocorticoids as risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: preclinical studies A role for glucocorticoids in shaping the risk for AD is supported by animal studies using rats or mice injected with Aβ oligomers, tau protein or excitotoxins, or transgenic (Tg) mice carrying mutations associated

• LY2584702 receptor Previous studies to investigate the funct

  2023-10-25

  

  Previous studies to investigate the functions of AHR in Treg LY2584702 receptor have employed a loss-of-function approach, using AHR complete-null mice, or a gain-of-function approach by ligand administration. However, these approaches may confound the interpretation of the results. For example, th

• br Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous rec

  2023-10-25

  

  Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and represents one of the most frequent neurological diseases affecting about 60 million people worldwide (McNamara, 1999). It is estimated that up to 50% of all cases are triggered by “initial precipitating injuries”, such

• Ethanol can affect biological systems directly or

  2023-10-25

  

  Ethanol can affect biological systems directly, or also through the interactions between these systems, which become important in the actions promoted by alcohol consumption. Its metabolites acetaldehyde and acetate play a key role in the GW0742 mediating some effects of ethanol (Israel et al., 1994

• It is worth pointing out that phenotypes of in vivo

  2023-10-25

  

  It is worth pointing out that phenotypes of in vivo HSP90β inhibition were not identical to those observed in rapsyn mutant mice (Gautam et al., 1995). Postsynaptically, junctional AChR clusters appeared fragmented, in addition to expected reduction in AChR intensity, in muscles injected with 17-AAG

• LO is a soluble kDa enzyme composed of

  2023-10-24

  

  5-LO is a soluble 78 kDa enzyme, composed of an α-helix-rich catalytic domain and a regulatory β-sheet-rich C2-like domain. Depending on the cell type, 5-LO may be located in the cytosol, in the nucleoplasm, or in both compartments (Werz, 2002). Upon cell stimulation by agents that elevate intracell

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