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The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release
2022-01-24

The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release is not fully understood until now, and previous studies have emphasized that the elevation of [Ca2+]i triggers vesicular FH535 of glutamate. Parpura et al. reported that the essential role of Ca2+ release from internal stores in glutamate release.
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br Conclusion Infections caused by the P aeruginosa could
2022-01-24

Conclusion Infections caused by the P. aeruginosa could not be cured by current antibiotics, making multiple drug resistance of P. aeruginosa an increasing threat for human lives. Looking for a new therapeutic mechanism for infections caused by the P. aeruginosa has become a central issue. There
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Three additional Type I CDK and
2022-01-24

Three additional Type I CDK8 and CDK19 kinase inhibitors have also been recently reported. Orally available 3-benzylindazole 12 was discovered by optimization of compounds with HSP90 affinity to yield potent and selective CDK8 inhibitors. Compound 12 showed strong binding activity for CDK8 with an I
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In contrast to RhoA Rac and
2022-01-24

In contrast to RhoA, Rac1 and Rap1 which are stimulated by platelet activators and inhibited by NO/PKG, the GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is regulated in the reverse way. Platelet agonists like thrombin, collagen, or ADP, reduce Arf6-GTP levels, whereas NO and PGI2 oppose this reduction [1
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CgtA is involved in stringent response
2022-01-24

CgtA is involved in stringent response and it interacts with SpoT to maintain optimal (p)ppGpp/ppGpp quotient in bacteria. Depletion of CgtA results in increased ppGpp levels [8]. CgtA is also important for cellular development [12] and involved in synchronization of DNA replication initiation and c
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Glycogen synthase kinase GSK is
2022-01-24

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays multifaceted role in diverse cellular and neurophysiological processes [8]. GSK-3β is regulated by inhibitory serine and stimulatory tyrosine phosphorylation on Ser9 and Tyr216 respectively [9]. Dy
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br Ca influx through glutamate receptors is thought to
2022-01-21

Ca2+ influx through glutamate receptors is thought to play a critical role in synaptogenesis and in the formation of neuronal circuitry during early development[45]. Because AMPA receptors might contribute to these processes, particularly at times and in cells in which NMDA receptor expression is
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Free d glutamate also has been found in various
2022-01-21

Free d-glutamate also has been found in various tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates including mammals (Han et al., 2011; Ariyoshi et al., 2017), fish (Kera et al., 2001) amphibians (Kera et al., 2001), birds (Kera et al., 2001), mollusks (Tarui et al., 2003; Patel et al., 2017) and arthropods (
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AD is an irreversible and progressive
2022-01-21

AD is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the 5-Formyl-UTP which insidiously destroys memory, thinking skills and cognition. Originally described in 1906 by German physician Alois Alzheimer, AD is characterized by the presence of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles
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PSB 0777 ammonium salt So far only few studies report about
2022-01-21

So far only few studies report about GAL in the visual system: GAL has been detected in the cornea of rat (Jones and Marfurt, 1998), mouse (Henken and Martin, 1992) and pig (Stone et al., 1988), and in the uvea of rat (Strömberg et al., 1987), pig (Stone et al., 1988) and cat (Grimes et al., 1994),
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We have previously designed an
2022-01-21

We have previously designed an azobenzene-based molecule, Razo, which could switch the conformations of G-quadruplex structures by photoregulation. 12, 13, 14, 15 However, it lacks selectivity to different G-quadruplexes. Therefore, we want to find a way to modify this molecule so that it could be u
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In addition we assessed the viability of
2022-01-21

In addition, we assessed the viability of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (13t) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (13u) as the tail on account of our previous SAR results. To our delight, 13t and 13u each had comparable activity to that of 13c, with 13u being slightly more potent than 13c. Further stru
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br Conflicts of interest br Funding This work was
2022-01-21

Conflicts of interest Funding This work was supported by the Higher Education Commission Pakistan start-up research grant to Anjum Riaz. Introduction Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an endogenous tissue engineering technology used to repair skeletal including craniofacial deformities, in
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Maillard reaction also known as non enzymatic browning react
2022-01-21

Maillard reaction, also known as non-enzymatic browning reaction, is a complex chemical reaction between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amino groups of amino acids, peptides, proteins or some other nitrogen containing compounds. Maillard reaction plays an important role in food industry
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br Conclusion The mitochondrial and glycolytic energy
2022-01-21

Conclusion The mitochondrial and glycolytic energy metabolism of the brain is coordinated by HKI binding to MOM, although the molecular mechanism of such a regulation is not yet clear. The DMPO for HKI in MOM are VDACs [[5], [6], [7]], mainly the VDAC1 isoform [8]. Using a computational model, w
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