• br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate

  2020-01-25

  

  DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle 92 8 (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ERK activation

• The EGFR belongs to the ErbB family

  2020-01-25

  

  The EGFR belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), comprised of four members: EGFR (ErbB1, HER1), HER2 (ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3) and HER4 (ErbB4) [24]. HER receptors are activated by a group of epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands and undergo homo- or hetero-dimerization during th

• Since both the Ub and ISG

  2020-01-25

  

  Since both the Ub and ISG15 systems are crucial for the innate immune response, many prokaryotic and viral pathogens have evolved ways to hijack them in order to create a “window-of-opportunity” for efficient replication. Several viral and bacterial proteins have been found to directly target these

• Previous studies have indicated that hSSB

  2020-01-25

  

  Previous studies have indicated that hSSB1 may be phosphorylated at threonine residue 117 (T117) [13] and acetylated at lysine residue 94 (K94) [15], both of which promote hSSB1 function in response to ionising radiation exposure. Mass spectrometry screens of proteins immunoprecipitated with phospho

• The overall poor outcomes in ESCC

  2020-01-25

  

  The overall poor outcomes in ESCC are thought because of a combination of late diagnosis, aggressiveness of the disease, and a lack of effective treatment strategies for systemic disease. Several molecular pathways, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and p5

• ceritinib sale The all NTP pyrophosphatase and NUDIX familie

  2020-01-25

  

  The all-α NTP pyrophosphatase and NUDIX families maintain the deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pool balance, limit the incorporation of harmful nucleotides, and represent a promising therapeutic approach to develop anticancer and immunosuppressive agents., , , , Among these housekeeping enzymes i

• The Liver X Receptor and LXRs NR H and

  2020-01-23

  

  The Liver X Receptor-α and -β (LXRs, NR1H3 and NR1H2, respectively) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that play a central role in controlling cholesterol homeostasis [9], [10]. In macrophages, LXRs can decrease the cellular sterol burden by inducing expression of the cholesterol efflux

• Introduction Ubiquitylation is a post translational modifica

  2020-01-23

  

  Introduction Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification which impacts almost every biological process in the cell. Dysregulation of the ubiquitylation pathway is associated with several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immunological dysfunctions. Single ubiquiti

• In addition to the ESIs identified that target both

  2020-01-22

  

  In addition to the ESIs identified that target both EPAC1 and EPAC2, ESI-05 and ESI-07 were identified as compounds that selectively antagonise EPAC2, displaying almost no inhibition of EPAC1 at concentrations up to 100μM [99]. Both compounds were effective inhibitors EPAC2 GEF activity towards Rap1

• br Introduction The identification of genetic variants that

  2020-01-22

  

  Introduction The identification of genetic variants that influence susceptibility to Parkinson\'s disease (PD) determines functional studies, the generation of model systems and directs therapeutic strategies. To date, classical candidate gene association studies and genome-wide approaches have f

• br Acknowledgement br Introduction Human dihydroorotate dehy

  2020-01-22

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo caspase inhibitor biosynthesis, is a validated therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer [1], [2], [3

• While the mechanism of DHODH inhibition induced differentiat

  2020-01-22

  

  While the mechanism of DHODH inhibition-induced differentiation is not fully understood, this phenomenon may be caused by pyrimidine depletion. Pyrazofurin, an inhibitor of OMP decarboxylase, was able to induce differentiation and suggests pyrimidine depletion as a potential mechanism (Sykes et al.,

• Introduction Safety critical systems are defined as those sy

  2020-01-22

  

  Introduction Safety-critical systems are defined as those systems where failure could result in the loss of life or injury to people, damage to equipment or to the environment [9]. Safety standards, e.g., [41], [17], [18], [6], [38], expect appropriate safety analysis tasks to be integrated within

• COMT protein expression was investigated

  2020-01-22

  

  COMT protein 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate receptor was investigated as a potential mechanism by which tolcapone may differentially affect male and female P and Wistar rats. COMT protein levels in the PFC were lower in P rats compared to Wistars but female P rats expressed greater levels of

• NPC L NPC Niemann Pick C like like

  2020-01-22

  

  NPC1L1 (NPC1 [Niemann-Pick C-like-1]-like intracellular cholesterol transporter) is the rate-limiting transmembrane transporter for cholesterol Sennoside D from the intestinal lumen, and it mediates the absorption of both dietary and biliary cholesterol., , NPC1L1 is the target of the cholesterol-

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